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Ski jumping is a winter sport in which athletes compete on length and style on a jump from a ski jumping hill. The sport has traditionally focused on a combination of style and length, and it was therefore early seen as unimportant in many milieus to have the longest jump. Particularly the International Ski Federation (FIS) has largely been opposed to the inflation in hill sizes and setting of distance records. No world records have therefore been set in Olympic, World Championships, Holmenkollen Ski Festival or Four Hills Tournament event, as these have never been among the largest hills in the world. Since 1936, when the first jump beyond was made, the discipline of ski flying – an offshoot of ski jumping – has produced all the world records. As of 2015, the official world record for the longest ski jump is , set by Anders Fannemel at ''Vikersundbakken'' in Vikersund, Norway. At the same event and on the same day, Dimitry Vassiliev landed a jump of but fell upon landing; his jump is unofficially the longest ever made. ==History== Ski jumping originated in Norway, and has been practiced since time immemorial, using handmade temporary hills. The first record is credited to Olaf Rye, a soldier who set up a show spectated by his fellow soldiers in 1808, reaching in Eidsberg, Norway. This small hill was probably near Eidsberg church, possibly at the farm Lekum. Sondre Norheim, credited as the 'father' of modern skiing, made the second official record at in 1868. Tim Ashburn says in his book ''The History of Ski Jumping'' that Norheim's longest jump on the circular track in Haugli ground in 1868 should have been measured at ,〔(ISBN 1-904057-15-2, p. 14)〕 but that newspapers in Christiania reported that the length "was a little exaggerated", so the official record is everywhere written as 19.5 m. The sport quickly spread to Finland, the United States and Canada, where some of the subsequent records were set. Early jumping competitions were only scored by style, and it was seen as disruptive to attempt to jump further.〔 Not until 1901 was a scoring system for distance introduced. With the construction of ''Bloudkova Velikanka'' in Planica, Yugoslavia, in 1934, the separate discipline of ski flying was introduced, which is essentially an 'extreme' version of ski jumping. With one exception, all of the world records for distance have been set on five of the world's six ski flying hills, of which five remain in use. In 1936, Josef "Sepp" Bradl was the first to surpass the mark, landing a jump of . The FIS was long opposed to ski flying as a whole, and it has never been included in the Olympic or Nordic World Ski Championships. However, since 1972, the FIS Ski Flying World Championships has been a mainstay event, and ski flying event are also part of the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup calendar. The first to officially reach was Toni Nieminen in 1994, by landing a jump of ; at the time, ski jumpers did not receive distance points for the part of the jumps exceeding 191 metres. The distance of a ski jump is measured from the end of the 'table' (the very tip of the 'inrun' ramp) to halfway between the athletes' feet when they touch ground. To qualify, the jump must be made in a sanctioned competition, or official trial or qualification runs for these, with a system to control the actual length. To win a competition, a jumper needs both distance and style, the latter of which is achieved by attaining a proper Telemark landing; therefore jumpers are not motivated to jump as far as possible, only as far necessary to attain a good landing. Jumps are invalid if the jumper falls, defined as touching the ground with his hands or body before reaching the fall line. Originally, jumps were measured in alen, but this has since been replaced by metres, with an accuracy of half a metre. Some old United States and Canadian records were recorded in feet. Traditionally, people would stand along the hill for every metre, and a crew member would raise their hand if the jumper landed on their metre. Today this is done with camera technology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Distance measurement )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of the longest ski jumps」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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